English (en-US)

Name

Erik Satie

Biography

Eric Alfred Leslie Satie (17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist. He was the son of a French father and a British mother. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire, but was an undistinguished student and obtained no diploma. In the 1880s he worked as a pianist in café-cabaret in Montmartre, Paris, and began composing works, mostly for solo piano, such as his Gymnopédies and Gnossiennes. He also wrote music for a Rosicrucian sect to which he was briefly attached.

After a spell in which he composed little, Satie entered Paris's second music academy, the Schola Cantorum, as a mature student. His studies there were more successful than those at the Conservatoire. From about 1910 he became the focus of successive groups of young composers attracted by his unconventionality and originality. Among them were the group known as Les Six. A meeting with Jean Cocteau in 1915 led to the creation of the ballet Parade (1917) for Serge Diaghilev, with music by Satie, sets and costumes by Pablo Picasso, and choreography by Léonide Massine.

Satie's example guided a new generation of French composers away from post-Wagnerian impressionism towards a sparer, terser style. Among those influenced by him during his lifetime were Maurice Ravel and Francis Poulenc, and he is seen as an influence on more recent, minimalist composers such as John Cage and John Adams. His harmony is often characterised by unresolved chords, he sometimes dispensed with bar-lines, as in his Gnossiennes, and his melodies are generally simple and often reflect his love of old church music. He gave some of his later works absurd titles, such as Veritables Preludes flasques (pour un chien) ("True Flabby Preludes (for a Dog)", 1912), Croquis et agaceries d'un gros bonhomme en bois ("Sketches and Exasperations of a Big Wooden Man", 1913) and Sonatine bureaucratique ("Bureaucratic Sonatina", 1917). Most of his works are brief, and the majority are for solo piano. Exceptions include his "symphonic drama" Socrate (1919) and two late ballets Mercure and Relâche (1924).

Satie never married, and his home for most of his adult life was a single small room, first in Montmartre and, from 1898 to his death, in Arcueil, a suburb of Paris. He adopted various images over the years, including a period in quasi-priestly dress, another in which he always wore identically coloured velvet suits, and is known for his last persona, in neat bourgeois costume, with bowler hat, wing collar, and umbrella. He was a lifelong heavy drinker, and died of cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 59.

Satie was born on 17 May 1866 in Honfleur, Normandy, the first child of Alfred Satie and his wife Jane Leslie (née Anton). Jane Satie was an English Protestant of Scottish descent; Alfred Satie, a shipping broker, was a Roman Catholic anglophobe. A year later, the Saties had a daughter, Olga, and in 1869 a second son, Conrad. The children were baptised in the Anglican church. ...

Source: Article "Erik Satie" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Éric Alfred Leslie Satie, dit Erik Satie, né le 17 mai 1866 à Honfleur et mort le 1er juillet 1925 à Paris 14e, est un compositeur et pianiste français.

Associé un temps au symbolisme, mais inclassable, il a été reconnu comme précurseur de plusieurs mouvements, dont le néoclassicisme, le surréalisme, le minimalisme, la musique répétitive et le théâtre de l'absurde.

Fils de Jane Leslie Anton, d'origine écossaise, et de Jules Alfred Satie, courtier maritime normand, élevé dans la religion anglicane, Erik Satie a passé sa jeunesse entre la Normandie et Paris. En 1870, la famille Satie quitte Honfleur pour Paris où le père a obtenu un poste de traducteur. Après la mort de leur mère en 1872, Erik et son frère Conrad retournent à Honfleur chez leurs grands-parents paternels, avec qui ils embrassent le catholicisme, tandis que leur sœur reste avec leur père à Paris. À la mort de leur grand-mère paternelle en 1878, retrouvée morte sur une plage de Honfleur, ils reviennent vivre chez leur père à Paris. Ce dernier s'est remarié avec une femme de dix ans son aînée, Eugénie Barnetche, professeur de piano, qui enseigne à Erik les bases de l'instrument: «L’enfant prend aussitôt en haine et la musique et le conservatoire.»

En 1879, il entre pourtant au Conservatoire de musique. Jugé sans talent par ses professeurs, il est renvoyé après deux ans et demi de cours avant d'être réadmis, à la fin de 1885. C'est durant cette période qu'il compose sa première pièce pour piano connue, Allegro (1884). Cependant, incapable de produire une meilleure impression sur ses professeurs, il s'engage dans un régiment d'infanterie.

Après quelques semaines, constatant que l'armée n'est pas pour lui, il se fait réformer en exposant sa poitrine nue au froid de la nuit hivernale au point d'attraper une congestion pulmonaire.

En 1887, il s'installe à Montmartre et compose ses quatre Ogives pour piano, dont les partitions ne font apparaître aucune barre de mesure, caractéristique de nombreuses autres compositions. Il développe aussi très vite son style d'annotations sur la manière d'interpréter ses œuvres.

À cette époque commence une longue amitié avec plusieurs poètes, comme Stéphane Mallarmé, Paul Verlaine ou le poète romantique espagnol Contamine de Latour, avec qui il collaborera par la suite sur le ballet Uspud. Il fait éditer ses premières compositions par son père. En 1888, il compose ses trois Gymnopédies pour piano. ...

Source: Article "Erik Satie" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

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