English (en-US)

Name

Claudio Arrau

Biography

Claudio Arrau León (February 6, 1903 – June 9, 1991) was a Chilean pianist known for his interpretations of a vast repertoire spanning the baroque to 20th-century composers, especially Bach, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Liszt and Brahms. He is widely considered one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century.

Arrau was born in Chillán, Chile, the son of Carlos Arrau, an ophthalmologist who died when Claudio was only a year old, and Lucrecia León Bravo de Villalba, a piano teacher. He belonged to an old, prominent family of Southern Chile. His ancestor Lorenzo de Arrau, a Spanish engineer, was sent to Chile by King Carlos III of Spain. Through his great-grandmother, María del Carmen Daroch del Solar, Arrau was a descendant of the Campbells of Glenorchy, a Scottish noble family. Arrau was raised as a Catholic, but gave it up in his late teens.

Arrau was a child prodigy and he could read music before he could read words, but unlike many virtuosos, there had never been a professional musician in his family. His mother was an amateur pianist and introduced him to the instrument. At the age of 4 he was reading Beethoven sonatas, and he gave his first concert a year later. When Arrau was 6 he auditioned in front of several congressmen and President Pedro Montt, who was so impressed that he began arrangements for Arrau's future education. At age 8, Arrau was sent on a ten-year-long grant from the Chilean government to study in Germany, travelling with his mother and sister Lucrecia. He was admitted to the Stern Conservatory of Berlin where he eventually became a pupil of Martin Krause, who had studied under Franz Liszt. At the age of 11 Arrau could play Liszt's Transcendental Etudes, one of the most difficult works for piano, as well as Brahms's Paganini Variations. Arrau's first recordings were made on Aeolian Duo-Art player piano music rolls. Krause died in his fifth year of teaching Arrau, leaving the 15-year-old student devastated by the loss of his mentor; Arrau did not continue formal study after that point.

In 1935, Arrau gave a celebrated rendition of the entire keyboard works of Johann Sebastian Bach over 12 recitals. In 1936, Arrau gave a complete Mozart keyboard works over 5 recitals, and followed with the complete Schubert and Weber cycles. In 1938, for the first time, Arrau gave the complete Beethoven piano sonatas and concertos in Mexico City. Arrau repeated this several times in his lifetime, including in New York and London. He became one of the leading authorities on Beethoven in the 20th century.

In 1937, Arrau married mezzo-soprano Ruth Schneider (1908–1989), a German national. They had three children: Carmen (1938–2006), Mario (1940–1988) and Christopher (1959). In 1941 the Arrau family emigrated from Germany to the United States, eventually settling in Douglaston, Queens, New York, where Arrau spent his remaining years. He became a dual U.S.-Chilean citizen in 1979. On August 17, 1982, the first CD of classical music of history was released by the PolyGram record company, whose content consisted of waltzes by Chopin performed by Claudio Arrau. ...

Source: Article "Claudio Arrau" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Claudio Arrau, né à Chillán (Chili) le 6 février 1903 et mort à Mürzzuschlag (Autriche) le 9 juin 1991, est un pianiste chilien.

Ayant débuté comme enfant prodige dès l'âge de quatre ans, il fut l'un des plus grands pianistes du XXe siècle.

C'était un spécialiste de la musique romantique, notamment de Frédéric Chopin, de Robert Schumann, et de Franz Liszt, mais aussi de Ludwig van Beethoven, qu'il interprétait avec noblesse et profondeur. Ayant la volonté de «faire corps» avec le piano, il obtenait une sonorité hors du commun.

Vu l'étendue de son répertoire, on peut le considérer comme un véritable «encyclopédiste» du piano: il a enregistré l'intégrale des sonates pour piano de Mozart et de Beethoven, ainsi que la plupart des œuvres de Chopin, Liszt, Schumann et Brahms. Il est également un interprète reconnu de Bach, Schubert et Debussy.

Il est un des artistes phares de la maison de disques Philips et ses enregistrements ont bénéficié d'une qualité sonore exceptionnelle.

Il est le fils de Carlos Arrau Ojeda, ophtalmologue, et de la pianiste Lucrecia León Bravo. Reconnu comme enfant prodige (il joue pour le président chilien à l’âge de six ans), le jeune Claudio Arrau obtient une bourse pour aller étudier à Berlin avec Martin Krause, l'un des derniers élèves de Franz Liszt. Après leur rencontre il aurait dit: «cet enfant sera mon chef-d'œuvre». Il jouera pour le jeune Arrau beaucoup plus que le rôle d'un simple pédagogue. Il sera en réalité un véritable père de substitution. Dépassant le simple champ de la musique, Krause sera également celui qui initiera Claudio Arrau à la peinture et à la littérature. Arrau restera toute sa vie marqué par l'enseignement de Krause et au décès de celui-ci, quand Arrau n'a encore que 15 ans, il décide de ne plus suivre d'autre enseignement. Ayant suivi toutes ces années une formation hautement empreinte de culture germanique, Arrau fut longtemps considéré comme un pianiste davantage allemand que sud-américain. De là, également, une prédilection pour les compositeurs allemands dont il se fera une spécialité (Brahms, Schumann, Beethoven) et dont il enregistrera la plupart des œuvres.

Pour autant, son répertoire ne se limite pas au seul XIXe siècle. Il est également un interprète remarquable de compositeurs du XXe siècle, comme Claude Debussy. La discographie de l'artiste ne rend que fort peu compte de ses affinités avec la musique contemporaine, puisque si Arrau est interprète de Bach, de Mozart, des romantiques (Beethoven, Schubert, Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Brahms), et des modernes (Debussy, Albéniz, Ravel), il l'est aussi de Schönberg.

En 1927, il gagne le Grand Prix de Genève, devant un jury composé d’Arthur Rubinstein et Alfred Cortot.

Commençant sa carrière dans les années 1930, il fait sensation lorsqu'il donne à Berlin, en 1935-1936, en un cycle de douze récitals, l'intégrale de l'œuvre pour clavier de Bach (hormis les pièces pour orgue). La concurrence à cette époque est particulièrement rude. Backhaus, Kempff, entre autres, jouent déjà les premiers rôles. ...

Source: Article "Claudio Arrau" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

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