English (en-US)

Name

Doris Lessing

Biography

Doris May Lessing CH OMG (née Tayler; 22 October 1919 – 17 November 2013) was a British novelist. She was born to British parents in Iran, where she lived until 1925. Her family then moved to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), where she remained until moving in 1949 to London, England. Her novels include The Grass Is Singing (1950), the sequence of five novels collectively called Children of Violence (1952–1969), The Golden Notebook (1962), The Good Terrorist (1985), and five novels collectively known as Canopus in Argos: Archives (1979–1983).

Lessing was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. In awarding the prize, the Swedish Academy described her as "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny". Lessing was the oldest person ever to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, at age 87.

In 2001 Lessing was awarded the David Cohen Prize for a lifetime's achievement in British literature. In 2008 The Times ranked her fifth on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".

Lessing was born Doris May Tayler in Kermanshah, Iran, on 22 October 1919, to Captain Alfred Tayler and Emily Maude Tayler (née McVeagh), both British subjects. Her father, who had lost a leg during his service in World War I, met his future wife, a nurse, at the Royal Free Hospital in London where he was recovering from his amputation. The couple moved to Iran, for Alfred to take a job as a clerk for the Imperial Bank of Persia.

In 1925 the family moved to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to farm maize and other crops on about 1,000 acres (400 ha) of bush that Alfred bought. In the rough environment, his wife Emily aspired to lead an Edwardian lifestyle. It might have been possible had the family been wealthy; in reality, they were short of money and the farm delivered very little income.

As a girl Doris was educated first at the Dominican Convent High School, a Roman Catholic convent all-girls school in the Southern Rhodesian capital of Salisbury (now Harare). Then followed a year at Girls High School in Salisbury. She left school at age 13 and was self-educated from then on. She left home at 15 and worked as a nursemaid. She started reading material that her employer gave her on politics and sociology and began writing around this time.

In 1937 Doris moved to Salisbury to work as a telephone operator, and she soon married her first husband, civil servant Frank Wisdom, with whom she had two children (John, 1940–1992, and Jean, born in 1941), before the marriage ended in 1943. Lessing left the family home in 1943, leaving the two children with their father.

After the divorce, Doris's interest was drawn to the community around the Left Book Club, an organisation she had joined the year before. It was here that she met her future second husband, Gottfried Lessing. They married shortly after she joined the group, and had a child together (Peter, 1946–2013), before they divorced in 1949. She did not marry again. Lessing also had a love affair with RAF serviceman John Whitehorn (brother of journalist Katharine Whitehorn), who was stationed in Southern Rhodesia, and wrote him ninety letters between 1943 and 1949. ...

Source: Article "Doris Lessing" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Doris May Lessing, née le 22 octobre 1919 à Kermanshah (Iran) et morte le 17 novembre 2013 (à 94 ans) à Londres, est une écrivaine britannique. Le prix Nobel de littérature en 2007 a couronné «la conteuse épique de l'expérience féminine qui, avec scepticisme, ardeur et une force visionnaire, scrute une civilisation divisée».

Célèbre dès son premier livre, Vaincue par la brousse (1950), auteur d'une vingtaine de romans dont le best-seller international Le Carnet d'or (1962), elle est très vite apparue comme une femme de lettres engagée et militante, notamment pour les causes marxiste, anticolonialiste et anti-apartheid. Elle a aussi été associée au combat des féministes sans l'avoir revendiqué ou désiré.

L'œuvre de Doris Lessing est polymorphe. Profondément autobiographique, elle s'inspire notamment de son expérience africaine, de ses années de jeunesse et de ses engagements sociaux ou politiques. Son style romanesque, épique, réaliste et lyrique lui a permis d'aborder différents thèmes tels que les conflits de cultures, les injustices raciales et ethniques, la contradiction entre la conscience individuelle et le bien commun, la violence entre les êtres et les classes, le déracinement ou encore l'enfance. Très appréciée pour sa diversité et son éclectisme, l'auteur a signé des romans documentaires, des témoignages, des fictions visionnaires, des ouvrages de science-fiction (Shikasta en 1981) et des romans psychologiques (L'Été avant la nuit). Elle a même un temps évolué vers l'ésotérisme et la parapsychologie avec Descente aux enfers (1971).

Doris May Tayler est née en Perse (l'Iran actuel) en 1919. Son père, employé de banque, est grièvement blessé lors de la Première Guerre mondiale et se voit amputé d'un membre. Sa mère, infirmière d'origine irlando-écossaise, y a perdu l’homme qu’elle aimait. Recrutée sur le front de la Grande Guerre, sa mère rencontre son père en le soignant. Plus tard, Doris Lessing racontera l'histoire de ses parents dans Alfred et Emily.

Elle n’a que six ans lorsque sa famille s’installe, en 1925, en Rhodésie du Sud (alors colonie britannique) dans l'espoir de faire fortune grâce à la culture du maïs, du tabac et des céréales puis en cherchant de l'or. Les Tayler supportent mal la dureté du climat et la jeune Doris est tour à tour atteinte de malaria et de dysenterie en raison des attaques de moustiques.

Pensionnaire d'un institut catholique tenu par des religieuses qu'elle supporte mal, elle est en opposition constante avec sa mère, protestante. Elle quitte définitivement l'école à 15 ans, travaillant en tant que jeune fille au pair puis plus tard, à 18 ans, comme standardiste à Salisbury (l'ancienne capitale de la Rhodésie du Sud). Revenue un temps à la ferme parentale, elle se passionne pour la littérature et se plonge dans la lecture de plusieurs grands classiques du XIXe siècle qui influenceront sa création littéraire: Léon Tolstoï, Stendhal, Fedor Dostoïevski ou encore Honoré de Balzac. Elle lit également avec intérêt Marcel Proust et Virginia Woolf.

En 1938, elle commence à écrire des romans tout en exerçant plusieurs emplois pour gagner sa vie. Elle rédige également de courts récits et des nouvelles, arrivant à en vendre deux à des magazines sud-africains. ...

Source: Article "Doris Lessing" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

German (de-DE)

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