Francês (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Marilyn Horne est une mezzo-soprano américaine, née à Bradford (Pennsylvanie) le 16 janvier 1934.

Enfant, elle chante à l'église de la petite communauté californienne où ses parents avaient pris leurs quartiers; adolescente, elle intègre le Los Angeles Concert Youth Chorus sous la direction de Roger Wagner, où elle se lie d'amitié avec la jeune Marni Nixon. Encore soprano, elle exploite aussi ses dons d'imitatrice pour enregistrer des covers, copies bon marché de chansons à succès de l'époque (comme celles de Peggy Lee) vendues dans les grandes surfaces. Elle étudie le chant avec William Vennard à l'University of Southern California School of Music et participe à plusieurs master classes de la cantatrice Lotte Lehmann.

En 1954, elle double Dorothy Dandridge pour le chant dans le film musical Carmen Jones d'Otto Preminger puis, deux ans plus tard, participe à l'enregistrement du Roi et moi, ce qui lui permet de retrouver Marni Nixon qui double quant à elle Deborah Kerr.

En 1958, elle part pour l'Allemagne où l'appelle un contrat avec l'Opéra civique de Gelsenkirchen. Elle y chante les grands rôles de soprano lyrique: Minnie dans La fanciulla del West, Mimì dans La Bohème, Antonia dans Les Contes d'Hoffmann. Elle y fait la connaissance du chef d'orchestre et contrebassiste Henry Lewis, qu'elle épouse en 1960 (et dont elle divorcera en 1979).

De retour aux États-Unis, ne se sentant plus aussi à l'aise dans l'aigu, elle décide de travailler plus son registre grave abordant les rôles de mezzo-soprano, tout en conservant une tessiture atteignant le contre-ut (do5).

La cantatrice australienne Joan Sutherland la remarque au cours d'une reprise de l'opéra, alors méconnu, Beatrice di Tenda de Vincenzo Bellini. C'est le début d'une longue collaboration et la consécration de Horne en tant que mezzo-soprano colorature. Le grand succès de Norma, montée au Met de New York en 1964, puis de Sémiramis, l'année suivante, place le duo au premier rang. Horne débute à la Scala en 1969 dans Le Siège de Corinthe de Gioachino Rossini, sous la direction de Thomas Schippers. La même année, elle interprète le rôle de Marguerite dans La Damnation de Faust de Berlioz sous la direction de Georges Prêtre.

La pleine maturité n'arrive cependant qu'à partir de 1970: elle aborde alors Fidès dans Le Prophète de Giacomo Meyerbeer et ce qui deviendra son rôle-fétiche: Tancredi de Rossini, qu'elle chantera jusqu'en 1989.

En 1975, le Met reprend à son intention Rinaldo de Haendel, une œuvre peu représentée à l'époque: sa prestation flamboyante ne fait que confirmer son statut de virtuose (trente ans après, la critique lui attribue toujours la relance de l'opéra baroque). En 1978, elle chante à Venise Orlando furioso d'Antonio Vivaldi pour sa première reprise à l'époque moderne. La production, signée Pier Luigi Pizzi, fera le tour du monde jusqu'en 1989.

Les prises de rôles s'enchainent: Dalila, Eboli, Isabella, Carmen, Orphée au Met, Amnéris à Berlin, Orlando (de Haendel cette fois-ci) à Venise, La Cenerentola à Chicago... On évoque même une Brünnhilde dans Le Crépuscule des dieux, projet qui ne se réalisera pas. Elle fait ses adieux à la scène en 1998.

Depuis 1997, elle dirige le département vocal de la Music Academy of the West de Santa Barbara. ...

Source: Article "Marilyn Horne" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Inglês (en-US)

Name

Marilyn Horne

Biography

Marilyn Horne (born January 16, 1934) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer. She specialized in roles requiring beauty of tone, excellent breath support, and the ability to execute difficult coloratura passages. She is a recipient of the National Medal of Arts, the Kennedy Center Honors, and has won four Grammy Awards.

Marilyn Horne was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania, to Berneice and Bentz Horne. Her parents were both politicians, with her mother serving as city assessor of the Fifth Ward and her father appointed as McKean County assessor. Bentz was also a semi-professional singer and, noticing Marilyn's talent, sought to move the family to a place where she could have access to professional vocal training and more opportunities to perform. Along with her older brother Richard and sister Gloria, the family moved to Long Beach, California when Marilyn was 11.

At age 13, Horne became part of the newly formed Roger Wagner Chorale. She is an alumna of Long Beach Polytechnic High School. As a high school student, she was part of the St. Luke's Episcopal Church Choir of Long Beach under the direction of William Ripley Dorr. The choir often worked for the movie studios and recorded with Capitol Records. Marilyn and her sister Gloria were part of the St. Luke's Episcopal Church Quartet.

Horne won a scholarship for the University of Southern California where she was a member of Pi Beta Phi sorority. She studied voice under William Vennard and Gwendolyn Koldofsky at the University of Southern California School of Music and participated in Lotte Lehmann's vocal master classes at Music Academy of the West.

Horne's first major professional engagement was in 1954, when she dubbed the singing voice of Dorothy Dandridge in the film Carmen Jones. Until that point, she had worked as a background singer for several TV sitcoms, as well as recorded covers of popular songs of the early 1950s, which were sold in dimestores around the country for $1.98. She made an appearance on The Odd Couple as a character named "Jackie", her own nickname, a meek and nervous would-be singer who develops a crush on character Oscar Madison (Jack Klugman) and into a full-blown diva as well, playing the role of Carmen in Felix Unger's (Tony Randall) opera group production. She also sang on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Carol Burnett Show. She made her Los Angeles debut the same year when she performed the role of Hata in The Bartered Bride with the Los Angeles Guild Opera.

Her first major breakthrough came when her singing ability was recognized by Igor Stravinsky; her operatic career began when he invited her to perform in the 1956 Venice festival. She remained in Europe for three seasons singing for the Gelsenkirchen Opera.

She was highly acclaimed for her performance as Marie in Alban Berg's Wozzeck at the inauguration of Gelsenkirchen's new opera house on May 22, 1960. In 1960, she returned to the United States to appear in Wozzeck at the San Francisco Opera. She debuted in 1961 at Lyric Opera of Chicago where she created the role of Lora in Vittorio Giannini's The Harvest. ...

Source: Article "Marilyn Horne" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

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