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English (en-US)

Name
Biography

Pierre Cardin, born Pietro Costante Cardin (2 July 1922 – 29 December 2020), was an Italian-born naturalised-French fashion designer. He is known for what were his avant-garde style and Space Age designs. He preferred geometric shapes and motifs, often ignoring the female form. He advanced into unisex fashions, sometimes experimental, and not always practical. He founded his fashion house in 1950 and introduced the "bubble dress" in 1954.

Cardin was designated a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 1991, and a United Nations FAO Goodwill Ambassador in 2009.

Cardin was born near Treviso in northern Italy, the son of Maria Montagner and Alessandro Cardin. His parents were wealthy wine merchants, but lost their fortune in World War I. To escape the blackshirts they left Italy and settled in Saint-Étienne, France in 1924 along with his ten siblings. His father wanted him to study architecture, but from childhood he was interested in dressmaking.

Cardin moved to Paris in 1945. There, he studied architecture and worked with the fashion house of Paquin after World War II. He worked with Elsa Schiaparelli until he became head of Christian Dior's tailleure atelier in 1947, but was denied work at Balenciaga.

Cardin founded his own fashion house in 1950. His career was launched when he designed about 30 of the costumes for a masquerade ball in Venice, hosted by Carlos de Beistegui in 1951. Cardin inaugurated his haute couture output in 1953 with his first collection of women's clothing and became a member of the Chambre Syndicale, a French association of haute couture designers. The following year he opened his first boutique Eve, and introduced the "bubble dress", which is a short-skirted, bubble-shaped dress made by bias-cutting over a stiffened base. He was the first couturier to turn to Japan as a high fashion market when he travelled there in 1957.

As haute couture began to decline, ready-to-wear ('prêt-à-porter') soared as well as Cardin's designs. He was the first to combine the "mini" and the "maxi" skirts of the 1970s by introducing a new hemline that had long pom-pom panels or fringes.

Beginning in the 1970s, Cardin set another new trend: "mod chic". This trend holds true for the form or for a combination of forms, which did not exist at the time. He was the first to combine extremely short and ankle-length pieces. He made dresses with slits and batwing sleeves with novel dimensions and mixed circular movement and gypsy skirts with structured tops. These creations allowed for the geometric shapes that captivated him to be contrasted, with both circular and straight lines. Cardin became an icon for starting this popular fashion movement of the early 1970s.

Inspired by space travel and exploration, Cardin visited NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) in 1970, where he tried on the original spacesuit worn by the first human to set foot on the moon, Neil Armstrong. Cardin designed spacesuits for NASA in 1970.

Cardin resigned from the Chambre Syndicale in 1966 and began showing his collections in his own venue. He also designed uniforms for Pakistan International Airlines, which were introduced from 1966 to 1971 and became an instant hit. ...

Source: Article "Pierre Cardin" from Wikipedia in English, licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0.

French (fr-FR)

Name
Biography

Pietro Costante Cardin dit Pierre Cardin, né le 2 juillet 1922 à Sant'Andrea di Barbarana (Royaume d'Italie) et mort le 29 décembre 2020 à Neuilly-sur-Seine (France), est un couturier et homme d'affaires français d'origine italienne.

Pierre Cardin intègre la haute couture en 1957 et y restera environ dix ans. Il présente à la fin des années 1950 une collection de prêt-à-porter qui fera grand bruit. Il est considéré, avec Paco Rabanne et André Courrèges, comme l'inventeur de la mode futuriste dans les années 1960.

Sa marque Pierre Cardin est présente, sous forme de franchises, dans plus de cent pays, faisant du couturier l'un des cinq Français les plus connus au monde. Sa fortune a été estimée en 2009 à plus de 600 millions d'euros; en 2012, il souhaitait se séparer de son groupe pour un milliard d'euros.

Les parents de Pierre Cardin, Alessandro (né en 1878) et Maria (née en 1879), sont des agriculteurs vénitiens précipités dans la pauvreté par la Première Guerre mondiale qui émigrent en France au milieu des années 1920. Ils obtiennent la nationalité française en 1936.

Leur fils Pietro naît à Sant'Andrea di Barbarana, hameau de la commune de San Biagio di Callalta le 2 juillet 1922; il est le dernier de la fratrie qui compte dix enfants.

La famille s'installe à Saint-Étienne, dans le département français de la Loire, en 1930.

En 1936, Pierre Cardin commence son apprentissage à l’âge de quatorze ans chez Louis Bompuis, un tailleur pour hommes à Saint-Étienne Il y est d'abord comptable puis coupeur. Après un passage chez Manby, tailleur à Vichy qu'il rejoint à bicyclette, il monte à Paris. Vers la fin de la guerre, il débute chez Jeanne Paquin. Par elle, il rencontre Jean Cocteau et Christian Bérard, avec qui il réalise des costumes et des masques pour La Belle et la Bête en 1946, il assiste Marcel Escoffier et Christian Bérard sur les costumes de Jean Cocteau.

Il entre pour un passage éclair chez Elsa Schiaparelli.

Premier tailleur de la maison Christian Dior lors de son ouverture en décembre 1946, Pierre Cardin participe ainsi au succès du «tailleur Bar», qui d'après le Harper's Bazaar, définit le New Look de Christian Dior. Il quitte la maison Dior sur un coup de tête trois ans après.

En 1950, au 10, rue Richepanse, il rachète la maison Pascaud, alors spécialisée dans les costumes de scène, il y ouvre sa propre maison de couture. Il gardera ainsi sa double activité créatrice: les costumes de scène ainsi que des créations de haute couture plus tard. Il crée des costumes pour les bals, fêtes somptueuses d'après guerre, à côté des manteaux et tailleurs, sa spécialité. Progressivement, sa clientèle s’agrandit.

Sa première collection voit le jour trois ans plus tard en 1953, il y montre rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré des manteaux et des tailleurs d’une coupe impeccable, associant inventivité et sens du détail.

Quatre ans plus tard, il triomphe avec la présentation d'une collection de 120 vêtements et devient membre de la Chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne. ...

Source: Article "Pierre Cardin" de Wikipédia en français, soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA 3.0.

German (de-DE)

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